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American campaign slogan

Trump's "Make America Great Over again!" sign used during his 2016 presidential campaign earlier Trump selected Mike Pence equally his vice presidential running mate

"Make America Cracking Again" or MAGA ()[a] is a campaign slogan used in American politics popularized by Donald Trump in his successful 2016 presidential campaign. Ronald Reagan used the similar slogan "Let's Make America Bang-up Again" in his successful 1980 presidential campaign. Beak Clinton likewise used the phrase in speeches during his successful 1992 presidential campaign and used information technology again in a radio commercial aired for his wife Hillary Clinton'southward unsuccessful 2008 presidential primary campaign. Douglas Schoen has called Trump's employ of the phrase "probably the well-nigh resonant campaign slogan in recent history", citing majorities of Americans who believed that the land was in turn down.[2] [iii]

The slogan became a popular culture miracle, seeing widespread use and spawning numerous variants in the arts, amusement and politics, being used by those who support and oppose the presidency of Donald Trump.

Since its popularization in the 2010s, the slogan is considered a loaded phrase. Multiple analytic journalists, scholars, and commentators link it to racism in the United States, regarding information technology as domestic dog-whistle politics and coded language.[4] [5] [6] [7] The slogan was as well at the center of ii events originally reported inaccurately in most media outlets, the Jussie Smollett hate crime hoax and the January 2019 Lincoln Memorial confrontation.[viii] [9] [x] [11]

Use before Donald Trump [edit]

Alexander Wiley [edit]

The phrase was get-go used past Republican senator Alexander Wiley in a speech at the tertiary session of the 76th United States Congress in anticipation of the 1940 United States presidential election: "What is the way? Hither is America. In that location are 130,000,000 of us. America needs a leader who can coordinate labor, capital, and direction; who can give the homo of enterprise encouragement, who can give them the spirit which will beget vision. That will make America swell over again."[12]

Barry Goldwater [edit]

The slogan was institute in some advertising associated with Barry Goldwater's unsuccessful 1964 presidential campaign.[xiii]

Ronald Reagan [edit]

"Let's brand America great again" was famously used in Ronald Reagan's 1980 presidential campaign. At the time the United States was suffering from a worsening economic system at home marked by stagflation and Reagan, using the land's economical distress as a springboard for his campaign, used the slogan to stir a sense of patriotism among the electorate.[xiv] [xv] [16] [17] Within his credence spoken communication at the 1980 Republican National Convention, Reagan said, "For those without job opportunities, we'll stimulate new opportunities, particularly in the inner cities where they live. For those who've abandoned hope, we'll restore hope and we'll welcome them into a cracking national crusade to make America dandy once again."[18] [19]

Bill Clinton [edit]

The phrase was likewise used in speeches[20] by Bill Clinton during his 1992 presidential campaign.[21] Clinton besides used the phrase in a radio commercial aired for Hillary Clinton's 2008 presidential primary entrada.[22]

During the 2016 electoral campaign, Clinton suggested that Trump's version, used equally a campaign rallying weep, was a message to white Southerners that Trump was promising to "requite you an economic system you had 50 years ago, and... move you back upwards on the social totem pole and other people down."[23]

Christine O'Donnell [edit]

Christine O'Donnell's book about her unsuccessful 2010 bid every bit the Republican nominee for a US Senate seat in Delaware was published by St. Martin's Press on August xvi, 2011, as Troublemaker: Let's Do What Information technology Takes to Make America Great Once more.[24]

Apply by Donald Trump [edit]

Donald Trump wearing a "Make America Great Over again" cap during his 2016 presidential entrada

In December 2011, Trump made a statement in which he said he was unwilling to rule out running every bit a presidential candidate in the time to come, explaining "I must go out all of my options open because, above all else, we must make America great again."[25] As well in December 2011, he published a book using every bit a subtitle the similar phrase "Making America #1 Over again" – which in a 2015 reissue was changed to "Make America Swell Again!"[26]

Trump popularized the slogan "Brand America Bang-up Again" by stitching it onto his widely distributed cap

On Jan i, 2012, a grouping of Trump supporters filed paperwork with the Texas Secretary of State'south part to create the "Make America Great Again Party", which would take immune Trump to be that political party's nominee if he had decided to become a third-party candidate in the 2012 presidential election.[27] Trump himself began using the slogan formally on Nov vii, 2012, the day after Barack Obama won his reelection confronting Mitt Romney. By his own account, Trump first considered "We Will Make America Dandy", but did not feel like it had the right "band" to information technology. "Make America Great" was his next slogan idea, just upon further reflection, he felt that it was a slight to America because it implied that America was never great. Afterward selecting "Make America Great Again", Trump immediately had an attorney annals it. (Trump subsequently said he was unaware of Reagan's utilize in 1980 until 2015, but noted that "he didn't trademark information technology.")[28] On November 12 he signed an application with the U.s.a. Patent and Trademark Part requesting exclusive rights to use the slogan for political purposes. It was registered every bit a service mark on July 14, 2015, after Trump formally began his 2016 presidential campaign and demonstrated that he was using the slogan for the purpose stated on the application.[29] [28] [thirty] Trump used the slogan in public as early on as August 2013, in an interview with Jonathan Karl.[31]

Banner displaying "Vote To Brand America Bully Again" on a roadside in California shortly after the November 2016 ballot

Trump wearing a "Keep America Smashing" chapeau in December 2019

During the 2016 campaign, Trump often used the slogan, particularly by wearing hats emblazoned with the phrase in white messages, which before long became popular among his supporters.[32] The slogan was so important to the entrada that at ane point information technology spent more on making the hats – sold for $25 each on its website – than on polling, consultants, or television commercials. Millions were sold, and Trump estimated that counterfeit versions outnumbered the real hat ten to i. "...just it was a slogan, and every time somebody buys one, that's an advert."[28]

Post-obit Trump's election, the website of his presidential transition was established at greatagain.gov.[33] Trump said in 2017 and 2018 that the slogan of his 2020 reelection entrada would exist "Keep America Dandy" and he sought to trademark information technology.[28] [34] Still, Trump'south 2020 campaign connected to use the "Make America Great Again" slogan.[35] Trump's vice president, Mike Pence, used the phrase "brand America great again, once again" in his 2020 Republican National Convention voice communication, garnering ridicule and comparisons to the catchphrase "again-again" from Teletubbies.[36] [37] In tardily 2021, this phrase became the name of a pro-Trump Super-PAC, which was as well mocked.[38]

A 2020 executive order, titled "Promoting Beautiful Federal Civic Architecture," was nicknamed "Make Federal Buildings Beautiful Again" by proponents and the printing.[39] [forty] [41]

Less than a week afterward Trump left office, he spoke to advisors nigh perhaps establishing a third party, which he suggested might be named either the "Patriot Party" or "Make America Great Once more Political party". In his outset few days out of office, he besides supported Arizona land party chairwoman Kelli Ward, who too called for the creation of a "MAGA Party". In tardily January 2021, the old president viewed the proposed MAGA Party as leverage to forbid Republican senators from voting to convict him during the Senate impeachment trial, and to field challengers to Republicans who voted for his impeachment in the House.[42] [43]

[edit]

Donald Trump took the campaign slogan to social media (primarily to Twitter), using the hashtags #makeamericagreatagain and its acronym #maga. In response to criticism regarding his frequent and untraditional usage of social media, Trump defended himself past tweeting "My use of social media is not Presidential – it's Modernistic DAY PRESIDENTIAL. Make America Bang-up Again!" on July 1, 2017.[44]

In the first half of 2017, Trump repeated his slogan on Twitter 33 times.[45] In an article for Bloomberg News, Mark Whitehouse noted "A regression assay suggests the phrase adds (very roughly) 51,000 to a post's retweet-and-favorite count, which is important given that the average Trump tweet attracts a full of 107,000."[45]

Trump attributed his victory (in part) to social media when he said "I won the 2016 ballot with interviews, speeches, and social media."[46] According to RiteTag,[47] the estimated hourly statistics for #maga on Twitter alone include: 1,304 unique tweets, v,820,000 hashtag exposure, and 3,424 retweets with 14% of #maga tweets including images, 55% including links, and 51% including mentions.[47]

Donald Trump gear up his Twitter account in March 2009. His follower-count increased significantly following the announcement (June 16, 2015) of his intention to run for president in the 2016 presidential election, with particularly notable spikes occurring subsequently his securing the Republican Party nomination (May 3, 2016) and after winning the presidency.[48]

Accusations of racism [edit]

Regarding its use since 2015, it is considered a loaded phrase. Marissa Melton, a Vocalism of America journalist, amongst others,[v] [half-dozen] explained how it is a loaded phrase considering it "doesn't just appeal to people who hear it every bit racist coded language, but also to those who have felt a loss of condition equally other groups have become more than empowered."[4] As Sarah Churchwell explains, the slogan now resonates as America First did in the early 1940s, with the idea "that the true version of America is the America that looks like me, the American fantasy I imagine existed before it was diluted with other races and other people."[49]

Writing stance for the Los Angeles Times, Robin Abcarian wrote that "[westward]earing a 'Make America Great Once more' lid is not necessarily an overt expression of racism. Just if you lot wear 1, it's a pretty good indication that you share, adore or capeesh President Trump's racist views about Mexicans, Muslims and edge walls."[6] The Detroit Free Press and the Los Angeles Times reported how several of their readers rejected this characterization and did not believe the slogan or MAGA hats are evidence of racism, seeing them more in patriotic or American nationalist terms.[fifty] [51] Nicholas Goldberg described the slogan equally "fabulous", writing: "It was vague plenty to appeal to optimists generally, while leaving plenty of room for bitter and resentful voters to conclude that we were finally going back to the days when they ran the world."[52] Polling has shown that virtually ten percent of black voters identified every bit Trump supporters,[53] [ non-primary source needed ] while nigh thirty pct of Hispanic voters identified equally Trump supporters.[54] [ meliorate source needed ]

Australian political commentator and quondam Liberal party leader John Hewson writes in January 2018 that he believes the contempo global movements against traditional politics and politicians are based on racism and prejudice. He comments: "In that location should be picayune doubtfulness about US President Donald Trump's views on race, despite his occasional 'denials', assertions of 'fake news', and/or his semantic distinctions. His election campaign theme was effectively a promise to 'Brand America Great Again; America First and Just' and—nod, nod, flash, wink—to Brand America White Over again."[55]

Use by others [edit]

In politics [edit]

Political commentator and writer Peter Beinart published a 2006 book titled The Practiced Fight: Why Liberals – and Only Liberals – Tin Win the State of war on Terror and Make America Great Again [56] cartoon on the philosophy of theologian Reinhold Niebuhr after the Invasion of Iraq and early years of the War on Terror. In 2011, Christine O'Donnell published a book virtually her Republican Senate campaign in the 2010 Delaware special election titled Troublemaker: Allow'due south Practise What It Takes To Brand America Great Again.[57]

After Donald Trump popularized the utilise of the phrase, the phrase and modifications of it were widely used in reference both to his election campaign and to his politics. Trump's chief opponents, Ted Cruz and Scott Walker, began using "Make America Great Once more" in speeches, inciting Trump to ship cease-and-desist letters to them.[28] Cruz later sold hats featuring, "Make Trump Debate Again", in response to Trump'southward boycotting the Iowa Jan 28, 2016, debate.[58] The phrase has also been parodied in political statements, such as "Make America Mexico Once more", a critique of Trump's clearing policies regarding the U.S.–Mexico border.[59] [60]

During remarks at the White House on May 4, 2022, President Biden referred to old President Trump'south "Brand America Bang-up Over again" movement, saying, "This MAGA crowd is really the about farthermost political arrangement that'due south existed in American history, in contempo American history."[61]

Apply by political rivals [edit]

New York Governor Andrew Cuomo said America "was never that great" during a September 2018 bill signing.[62] [63] Old US Attorney General Eric Holder questioned the slogan in a March 2019 interview on MSNBC, asking: "Exactly when did you recollect America was great?"[64] [65] During John McCain's memorial service on September 1, 2018, his girl Meghan stated: "The America of John McCain has no need to be made great once again because America was ever neat."[66] Trump later on tweeted "Brand AMERICA Cracking Once again!" later that day.[67]

Employ by hate groups [edit]

A 2018 study using text mining and semantic network analytics of Twitter text and hashtags networks found that the "#MakeAmericaGreatAgain" and "#MAGA" hashtags were ordinarily used by white supremacist and white nationalist users, and had been used every bit "an organizing discursive space" for far-right extremists globally.[68] Other permutations include "Brand America White Again"[69] and the nonsense phrase "GAWA."

Other countries [edit]

In June 2017, Emmanuel Macron, President of France, rebuked Trump over withdrawing from the Paris Agreement. The last sentence of the speech delivered by him was "make our planet bang-up again."[70]

During his campaign for the 2019 Indonesian presidential election in October 2018, sometime opposition leader Prabowo Subianto used the phrase "brand Republic of indonesia slap-up again", though he denied having copied Trump.[71]

During the Swedish European Parliament election in May 2019, the Swedish Christian Democratic Party used the slogan "Make European union Lagom Over again".[72] [73]

February 2019 Fridays for Future protest in Berlin with the line "Make Earth Greta Again"

Members of the Fridays for Future Movement have often used slogans like "Make World Greta Again", referring to activist Greta Thunberg.[74] In 2019, Grant Armour and Milene Larsson co-directed a documentary film named Make the World Greta Again.[75]

The Spanish correct party VOX used as slogan "Hacer a España grande otra vez", or "Brand Spain Dandy Once more".[76] [77]

In popular civilization [edit]

Rap-rock supergroup Prophets of Rage displaying a "Make America Rage Again" stage backdrop reminiscent of the "Make America Swell Again" catchphrase as information technology appears on a MAGA hat

The phrase and its variants are widely used and parodied in media.

Adult entertainment [edit]

  • Developed film star Stormy Daniels, who allegedly had an affair with President Trump, took part in a "Make America Horny Once again" strip order tour. The bout followed Trump'due south initial 2016 entrada trail and part of the acquirement was donated to Planned Parenthood.[78]

Advertising [edit]

  • A Dunk-a-roos marketing campaign used the slogan "Make America Dunk Again".[79]

Artwork [edit]

  • Make Everything Bang-up Again was a street fine art mural by creative person Mindaugas Bonanu in Vilnius, Lithuania.[fourscore] [81]

One-act [edit]

  • Comedian David Cross's 2016 stand-up tour was titled "Making America Neat Again".[82]

Conventions and events [edit]

  • In 2016, two Dragon Con cosplayers challenge an association with Developed Swim and Cartoon Network, and dressed as the World Trade Eye during the September 11 attacks, wore "Make FishCenter Slap-up Again" hats.[83] [84] [85]

Fashion [edit]

  • Fashion Designer Andre Soriano used the "Make America Cracking Again" Official presidential campaign Flag to blueprint a MAGA Gown for celebrities in Hollywood to wear on Red Carpet east.g. 2017 Grammy Awards.[86]

Films [edit]

  • In Hot Fuzz (2007), Inspector Frank Butterman says "Make Sandford Keen Over again" to Sergeant Nicholas Angel.[87]
  • In Holmes & Watson (2018), Sherlock Holmes wears a "Make England Peachy Once again" fez lid in one scene.[88]
  • The Syfy film Sharknado 5: Global Swarming (2017) was released with the tagline "Make America Bait Again".[89]
  • The tagline for The Purge: Election Year (2016) is "Keep America Great" (a phrase Trump would later on use equally his 2020 campaign slogan); ane of the TV spots for the film featured Americans who explained why they support the Purge, with ane stating he does so "to go along my land [America] great".[xc] The adjacent film in the franchise, The First Purge, was later on advertised with a poster featuring its title stylized on a MAGA lid.[91]
  • The character Paul in Da v Bloods is an avid Trump supporter and sports a MAGA lid throughout the picture show.[92]

Games [edit]

  • In Assassin's Creed Odyssey (2018), Cleon says "Make Athens Great Again" during his entrada against Pericles.
  • In the video game Mortal Kombat xi (2019), Shao Kahn urges Mortal Kombateleven newcomer Kollector to "brand Outworld great again".
  • The video game Wolfenstein: The New Colossus (2017) used "Make America Nazi-Free Again" in its marketing entrada.[93]
  • In Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance (2013), Senator Steven Armstrong uses the phrase "Make America Dandy Once more" during his spoken language while battling Raiden.[94]
  • In Hitman 2 (2018 video game), an elusive targed named Vincente Murillo is shown doing a broadcast under the slogan Haz que Republic of colombia sea grande otra vez .[95]

Music [edit]

  • Autumn Out Boy released a remix of their album American Beauty/American Psycho titled Make America Psycho Again.[96]
  • Rapper Kevin Gates released a song in 2018 called One thousand.A.T.A, meaning Brand America Trap Once more.[97]
  • Brand America Rock Again was a rock concert bout.[98]
  • Rap rock supergroup Prophets of Rage, consisting of members of Rage Against the Machine, Public Enemy and Cypress Colina, called their 2017 nationwide bout the "Brand America Rage Again Tour", using a stage backdrop reminiscent of a MAGA hat.
  • Uk musician and writer James Kennedy released a rock protest album in 2020 chosen 'Brand ANGER Great Again'[99]
  • Snoop Dogg released a song titled "Make America Crip Over again".[100]
  • Frank Turner released a song chosen "Make America Keen Again" on his album Be More Kind (2018).
  • Singer Joy Villa produced a single "Make America Great Again" a few months subsequently actualization at the 2017 Grammy Awards in a 'MAGA' dress.[101]
  • Rapper Lil Wayne wore a chapeau saying Brand America Skate again in Gamble the Rapper's video No Problem
  • Hip Hop Producer Zaytoven released an anthology titled Make America Trap Again (2019), with cover art inspired by the Barack Obama "Hope" poster.[102]
  • Russian activists and artists Pussy Riot released a song titled Make America Great Again.[103]
  • Metal band Thy Art Is Murder released a song called "Brand America Hate Over again" on their album Human Target (2019). They also sell a chapeau with the slogan "Make Deathcore Great Once again".

Sports [edit]

  • So-Washington Nationals baseball outfielder Bryce Harper wore a hat saying "Make Baseball Fun Again" during a postgame interview in 2016.

Books and Publications [edit]

  • Author Octavia E. Butler used "Make America Great Again" as the presidential campaign slogan for a character, Andrew Steele Jarret, in her 1998 dystopian novel, Parable of the Talents.[104] Jarret is described equally "a demagogue, a rabble-rouser, and a hypocrite [who] pulled religion and government together and cemented the link with coin from rich businessmen".[105]
  • Author Andre Louis wrote and published "Make America Date Again",[106] a satirical volume on dating and relationships.

Television [edit]

  • John Oliver spoofed the slogan on his show Last Week Tonight with John Oliver in a segment dedicated to Trump, urging viewers to "Make Donald Drumpf Again", in reference to the original ancestral name of the Trump family.[107] [108] The segment bankrupt HBO viewership records, garnering 85 1000000 views.[108]
  • In the South Park episode "Where My Country Gone?" (2015), supporters of Mr. Garrison, who runs a campaign that is a parody of Trump's, are seen holding signs bearing the slogan.[109]
  • In the Star Trek: Discovery episode "What's By Is Prologue" (2018), Gabriel Lorca vows to "make the Empire glorious once more", a line that was compared to Trump past many reviewers.[110] [111] [112] [113]

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ Pronunciation used by Trump.[1]

References [edit]

  1. ^ The Telegraph (May thirty, 2020). Donald Trump: 'MAGA loves the black people' responding to race protests (YouTube video). Event occurs at 0:00.
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  3. ^ Edwards-Levy, Ariel (November xviii, 2015). "Americans Aren't Sure Anything In America Works Anymore". Huff Mail . Retrieved November five, 2018.
  4. ^ a b Melton, Marissa (August 31, 2017). "Is 'Make America Bang-up Once again' Racist?". Voice of America. Retrieved October 25, 2020.
  5. ^ a b Shamus, Kristen Jordan (Jan 24, 2019). "MAGA hats: Trump entrada swag or symbols of detest?". Detroit Free Press . Retrieved October 25, 2020.
  6. ^ a b c Abcarian, Robin (February 5, 2019). "MAGA hats and greasepaint are unlike forms of expression, just they share a certain unfortunate Dna". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved October 25, 2020.
  7. ^ Rebecca Solnit (2018). Call Them by Their True Names: American Crises (and Essays). Haymarket Books. Trump's slogan, 'Brand America great once more', seemed to invoke a render to a Never Never Land of white male supremacy, where coal was an awesome fuel, blue-color manufacturing jobs were what they had been in 1956, women vest in the home, and the needs of white men were paramount.
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External links [edit]

  • Reagan at the 1980 GOP convention

friedmancourel.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again

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